VOLODYMYR VERNADS’KYi – SCIENTIST-ENCYCLOPAEDIST OF GENIUS OF THE END OF THE 19th–THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY
(on the 140th anniversary of his birthday)
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
The vital and creative way of the
outstanding Ukrainian scientist, encyclopaedist and thinker, academician V.I. Vernads’kyi is shortly
analysed. More than 25 scientific
trends, which the scientist has developed, are distinguished.
Key words: Volodymyr Ivanovych Vernads’kyi, genetic
mineralogy, geochemistry, biogeochemistry, noosphere, historian of science,
scientific trends.
MORPHOLOGY
AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND CUBES AND TETRAHEXAHEDRONS FROM KIMBERLITES
1Ivan Franko National University of
Lviv, Hrushevskogo st. 4, UA
– 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
2Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible
Minerals, of NASU and National Joint-Stock Company “NAFTOGAZ of Ukraine”
Naukova St. 3a, UA
– 79053 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: igggk@.ah.ipm.lviv.ua
Two groups
of polyhedrons are precisely differ among diamond cubes and tetrahexahedrons
from kimberlites: 1) cubes where the growth form is an octahedron, 2) cubes
and tetrahexahedrons with complex, mainly fibrous inner structure. The characteristic
of crystals’ morphology, colour and luminescent features is given.
Key words: diamond, cube, tetrahexahedron, morphology, photogram, mechanism of
growth, luminescence, gas impurities.
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Evaluation
of Mineral Formation Parameters on the Basis of Volatile Pyrolysis Products of Minerals
Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of NASU, Palladin Av., 34. UA-03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mail: annk@viptelecom.net
Composition of volatile elements in minerals should be necessarily defined
by thermodynamic conditions of mineral formation. The attempt has been
made to reconstruct PT-parameters
of mineral formation on the basis of pyrolysis gas mixture within 50–1050°C.
It has been proved that the increase of CO2/CO in comparison with
H2O/H2 is the index of deep rocks.
Key words: pyrolysis
of mineral, volatile elements, PT-parameters,
chromatographic gas-analysis.
L.
Skakun, B. Manchur, A.
Martyshyn
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st. 4, UA
– 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
For the first time the groutite (α-MnOOH) was specified in Ukraine
in the brecciated fractured zones of Zavallya graphite deposit. The diagnostics
has been confirmed by X-ray analysis. Quartz, celadonite, romanechite, and
barite associate with groutite. Aggregates of manganese oxides occupy the
peripheral part of the hydrothermal alteration column. The sequence of manganese
mineral formation is those: todorokite → romanechite → groutite
→ rodochrosite. Groutite is formed owing to catalytic transformation
Mn4+→Mn 3+ on the surface of romanechite in the
case of its interaction with Mn2+ of hydrothermal solution. Romanechite
is the precursor of groutite. Described mineralization is the manifestation
of young tectonic activization in the western part of the Ukrainian Shield.
Key words: Mn oxides, romanechite,
groutite, barite, activization, Zavallya graphite deposit, Ukrainian Shield.
FLUID
INCLUSIONS IN THE VEINED QUARTZ FROM METAMORPHIC COMPLEXES OF THE CHYVCHYNY
MOUNTAINS (MARMAROSÍ MASSIF)
I.
Bakumenko, V. Marusóak, ². Popivnyak
Ivan Franko National University of
Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Key words:
inclusions, veined quartz, mineral-forming and accessories fluids, methane,
ethane, Marmarosh massif, Ukrainian Carpathians.
TYPOMORPHIC PECULIARITIES
OF FLUID INCLUSIONS FROM GOLD-BEARING PARAGENESISES IN ORE STOCKwork
BODIES OF BEREGOVE ORE FIELD (TRANSCARPATHIANS)
I. Naumko, Z. Kovalyshyn, Z. Matviishyn
Institute of Geology
and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of NASU and National Joint-Stock
Company “NAFTOGAZ of Ukraine”
Naukova St. 3a, UA
– 79053 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: igggk@.ah.ipm.lviv.ua
Different
data of fluid inclusion thermobarogeochemical investigations in minerals of
the typical stockwork ore body in Beregove ore field (Ukrainian Transcarpathians)
have been analysed and generalised. They have been supplemented by the results
of geological-structural analysis. The solutions during the forming of gold-bearing
stock-type bodies have sulphate-bicarbonate salt composition with calcium-
and magnesium-ions predominance; their gas phase is enriched by nitrogen comparatively
with CO2. The optimal temperature interval of gold forming has
been determined. Âodies have been formed in case of intensive boiling of gold
bearing hydrotherms and mixing of different origin fluids (deep-seated and
surface). The migration of mineral-forming fluids from the Northwest to the
Southeast has been fixed in predominant increase of fluid inclusions homogenisation
temperature in the same direction. The precise regional temperature zoning
(with predominance of lateral above vertical) is fixed. It makes the basis
of specific criteria for estimation of stockwork-type ore bodies gold mineralization
perspectives.
Key
words: fluid inclusions, gold-bearing paragenesises, stockwork bodies, Beregove
ore field, Transcarpathians.
CORRELATION
BETWEEN PYRITE MINERALOGICAL-PHYSICAL properties
VARIABILITY AND THE DEGREE OF GOLD CONTENT IN THE
ORES (Bobrykiv
ore field, Nagol’nyi ridge, Donets’k basin)
O.
Lytvynovych, V. Ekhivanov, Yu. Pakhnyushchyi, T. Kutnyi
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Based on pyrite morphogenetic and mineralogical-physical property investigations
the conclusion has been made that within the Bobrykiv ore field the express
mapping of the potentially ore-bearing zones can be carried out by only the
certain mineralogical-physical parameters of pyrite.
Key words: pyrite, morphogenetic type, thermoelectrical
force, gold, Donets’k basin.
SYSTEM RESEaRCH
IN THE FORECASTING OF RARE-METAL mineralization
T. Volkova
Donets’k National Technical
University, Artema St. 58, UA – 83000 Donets’k, Ukraine
E-mail: geolog@pop.dgtu.donetsk.ua
The multistage concentration for
rare-metal elements has been determined for Azovs’ke deposit (Pryazovs’kyi block
of the Ukrainian Shield).
Intensity mineralization for rare-metal elements is correlated with quantitative
of the differentiation stage in the Priazovian
ore system. It is allow forecasting rare-metal mineralization
on the early studies of the deposits search and prospecting.
Key words: rare-metal mineralization,
Azovs’ke deposit, forecasting, system research.
Pb-BEARING
FAHLERZ FROM MUZHIYEVE DEPOSIT (TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION)
O.
Yemets’1, L. Skakun2
1Institute
of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of NASU, Palladin Av., 34. UA-03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
2Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Pb-bearing Fahlerz has been found as fine inclusions in sphalerite-galena
aggregates in the Muzhiyeve epithermal gold-silver-polymetallic deposit situated
in the Intercarpathian paleovolcanic belt. They have been formed in the quartz-chalcopyrite-Fahlerz
(±electrum) assemblage during dissolving and replacing of Sb-sulphosalts (boulangerite,
bournonite, and pyrargyrite) inclusions in galena, and of galena, sphalerite
and arsenopyrite. The replacement in galena occurred often in the range tetrahedrite–bournonite–boulangerite,
i.e. Pb is a relic element in the tetrahedrite composition. Established correlations between the elements of tetrahedrite structure testify to the difficult entry
mechanism of Pb2+ instead of Cu+ in the mineral structure.
In the case of structure stabilisation due to high content of bivalent metals
arises one vacancy of metal on each Pb atom.
Key words: Fahlerz, tetrahedrite, plumbum, sulphosalts,
epithermal deposit, Transcarpathian region.
phyllosilicates from the Ukrainian
Carpathian geological formations (spreading and classification)
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Spreading and
classification of phyllosilicates in the Ukrainian Carpathian geological formations
have been analysed. There are more than 40 minerals and mineral varieties
of such groups as candites, serpentines, talk-pyrophyllites, micas, hydromicas,
smectites, stilpnomelanes, chlorites,
and mixed-layer silicates. Most of them are the main or secondary rock-forming
minerals of the magmatic, metamorphic, metasomatic, sedimentary rocks and
crusts of weathering. Some minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite etc) are the
components of mineral deposits.
Key
words: phyllosilicates, kaolinite, montmorillonite, nontronite, muscovite, biotite,
hydromicas, chlorite, mixed-layer minerals.
LEONITE FROM PRE-CARPATHIAN POTASSIUM SALTS DEPOSITS AND ITS TRANSFORMATION
P.
Bilonizhka
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Key
words: leonite, heating, X-ray analysis, phase transformation, katagenesis, Precarpathian region.
AUTHIGENIC MINERALS-ADMIXTURES
IN THE TRIASSIC SALTS OF POLAND
O. Khmelevska
Institute of Geology
and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of NASU and National Joint-Stock
Company “NAFTOGAZ of Ukraine”
Naukova St. 3a, UA
– 79053 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: igggk@.ah.ipm.lviv.ua
Authigenic minerals from water-insoluble part of Lower Triassic rock salt
in Poland have been investigated along the section of the well Osno IG-2.
It has been determined that anhydrite, gypsum, quartz, celestite, dolomite
and magnesite represent authigenic minerals-admixtures in salts. Their origin
has been completely caused by the chemical composition and physical-chemical
parameters of the environment and took place during the late diagenesis.
Key words: rock salt, authigenic
minerals, late diagenesis, Triassic, Poland.
types of ZEOLITic associations
IN THE HYDROTHERMAL FORMATIONS OF the voLYNIAN SERIES trap basalts
L. Skakun,
A. Tkachuk, V. Mel’nychuk
Å-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Great specific variety and various
segregation forms characterise zeolites of the Volynian series hydrothermal
rocks. Zeolites have been discovered in the amygdules, they form veinlets
in basalts and cement tuff breccia. Zeolites have
been formed during reduction of Ca activity and, accordingly, increase of
Na activity in the mineral-forming fluid. In parallel (owing to cooling a
fluid) the activity of SiO2 has increased. As the result such mineral associations have been formed: stilbite-mordenite-chalcedony
association in a frontal zone and stilbite-analcime-natrolite – in rear (sometimes
with faujasite). In case of SiO2 low activity absolute other association
can be formed, in which low-SiO2 zeolites dominate (laumontite-scolecite-thomsonite-natrolite
association).
Key words: zeolites, mineral-forming
fluid, stilbite, analcime, natrolite, faujasite, mordenite, laumontite, scolecite,
thomsonite, Ca and Na activity, trap,
Volynian series.
F.
Zuzuk
Lesya Ukrainka Volynian State
University, Voli av., 13, 45021 Lutsk, Ukraine
E-mail:
zuzuk@old.univer.lutsk.ua
Apatite stones
are widespread biolites. They are mostly of biogenic origin and consist of
micro- and very micro-globular apatite with inconsiderable amount of medium-globular
one. Among the studied stones only one sample has
been formed by a vitreous kind and this sample is obviously
a colloidal, chemogenic formation. Lamellate apatite can be found rather rarely.
The process of stone formation bares either rhythmic or continuous character.
Morphological variety of apatite globules and organic substance prove the
polygenic nature of microorganisms, owing to the vital functions of which
the concrements have been formed.
Key words: biomineralogy, urolite,
apatite.
V. Dyakiv, K. Tsar, U.
Bornyak
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: dyakiv@gomail.com.ua
The factors of consolidation and destruction of facetic gallstones near-surface
layers have been determined on the basis of morphological, ontogenetic and
experimental biomineralogical
researches. Morphological, anatomic and ontogenetic properties of consolidated
and destroyed facetic gallstones near-surface layers have been described.
Interactions between stones have been simulated in
vitro. With the offered before model of inter-stone (inter-fractal) interactions
the relationships of cause
and effect of facetic gallstones near surface layers consolidation
and destruction have been explained.
Key words: biomineralogy, consolidation,
destruction, near-surface layers, gallstones, inter-stone interaction, modelling
in vitro.
THE PRESENT CONDITIONS
OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE PROBLEM IN BEREGOVÅ MINING AREA
Ya. Dmytrenko
Ivan Franko National University of
Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
Basic sources
of acid sulphuric waters in Beregovå ore field at the present stage of mining
activity development have been determined. The characteristic of dumps, which
have been formed at opening horizons of rocks with different mineralogical-technological
and morphological types of ores, is given. Dumps combined of complex gold-polymetallic
ores are the most dangerous from the point of view of intensity hypergenetic
transformations of sulphide minerals and formations of sour drain volumes.
Key words: acid mine drainage, dumps of rocks, gold and gold-polymetallic ore deposits.
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
The paper deals
with the history of formation of thermobarogeochemistry – new trend in geology
of the 20th century and the contribution to its development of
Professor M.P. Yermakov as a founder of the Lviv thermobarogeochemical scientific
school.
Key words: Mykola Porfyrovytch Yermakov, thermobarogeochemistry,
fluid inclusions, Lviv thermobarogeochemical scientific school.
Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo st.
4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: geomin@geof.franko.lviv.ua
International scientific conference
“Mineralogy and mineralogical museums in the 21st century” as well
as the speeches in the memorial meeting of Yevhen Lazarenko – rector of the
Lviv University (1951–1963) – have been analysed briefly.
Key
words: mineralogy, mineralogical museums, Yevhen Lazarenko, Lviv University.